Regional Plenary “Quo Vadis, Balkan?” in Sarajevo: The New Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina Must Be the Result of Broad Social Agreement, Professional Accountability, and Politics
**The Fifth Regional Plenary “Quo Vadis, Balkan?” Held in Sarajevo**
The fifth regional plenary “Quo Vadis, Balkan?” is being held in Sarajevo from June 6 to June 8. As in previous years, the event gathers a large number of experts, officials, organizations, academic and state institutions, decision-makers, as well as media representatives, diplomatic delegations, and members of the academic community.
This year, the partners of the Regional Academy for Democratic Development from Novi Sad and the Center for Civic Education from Podgorica in organizing the plenary are the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Sarajevo. The event is supported by the European Fund for the Balkans. The Regional Plenary “Quo Vadis, Balkan?” is one of the most significant regional initiatives bringing together prominent civil society organizations, experts, and activists focusing on democracy, reconciliation, and regional cooperation.
Yesterday afternoon, the plenary was opened at the Faculty of Political Sciences by Prof. Dr. Sead Turčalo, Dean of FPN US, Balša Božović, Executive Director of ADD, Daliborka Uljarević, Executive Director of CGO, and Aleksandra Tomanić, Executive Director of the European Fund for the Balkans (EFB), which supported this year’s plenary. The opening was followed by a conversation with the first president of Slovenia, Milan Kučan, about the ongoing impact of the breakup of Yugoslavia on political conditions in the Western Balkans. Additionally, there was a discussion on the topic “POLITICS AND RELIGION – WHERE DOES (MIS)USE BEGIN?” with prominent experts: Prof. Dr. Dubravka Stojanović, Prof. Dr. Dino Abazović, Prof. Dr. Boban Batrićević, and Prof. Dr. Branko Sekulić.
The second day of the plenary began with the panel “Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Need for a New Constitution,” featuring Sabina Ćudić, a representative in the House of Representatives of the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH, Sandra Benčić, a member of the Croatian Parliament, Dr. Slaven Kovačević, an expert on geopolitics and Euro-Atlantic integrations from Sarajevo, Dr. Lejla Balić, a professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Sarajevo, and Prof. Čedomir Čupić, a retired professor from Serbia.
Professor Čedomir Čupić stated that when discussing this topic, the political level is fundamental, and that Bosnia and Herzegovina is not defined as a state by its constitution but as a democracy. He noted that it seems to him that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a unique example of a confederation of two entities where ethnic and civic principles are mixed. Its name is derived from a spatial rather than an ethnic determination, which he sees as a significant advantage. The religious affiliation of citizens greatly influences the functioning of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The war destroyed the individual as a political subject, and specific identities, in this case, religious and ethnic, have overtaken the civic identity, which is the ideal of any society. He concluded that this constitution cannot be changed in the political context of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the only opportunity for change is the urgent admission of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union, with any constitutional change requiring the strengthening of citizens’ rights and the central state, which are essential for the functioning of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state.
Sandra Benčić, a member of the Croatian Parliament, emphasized that the “Možemo” party believes that the issue of protecting the Croatian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot be resolved without considering the entire political context of the country. She stressed that the necessary constitutional changes for Bosnia and Herzegovina must be the culmination of a political and expert process and a dialogue on designing Bosnia and Herzegovina as a complete democratic state that balances civic and collective rights. She noted that this is a par excellence political issue that has been blocked due to political elites’ preference for the status quo, which is the main problem. Without different political forces and influences, the necessary dialogue cannot occur. She added that the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina have not had the opportunity to discuss the kind of state and government they want, and this process must be linked to the process of Bosnia and Herzegovina joining the European Union. She highlighted that the constitution is primarily a political document, and only secondarily a legal one. She also pointed out the problem of inequality before the law among citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as evidenced by European Court of Human Rights rulings. She concluded that Croatian politics can provide support but must not offer any solutions to Bosnia and Herzegovina, as this must come from the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sabina Ćudić, a representative in the House of Representatives of the Parliamentary Assembly of BiH, emphasized that the constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina was primarily adopted to stop the war, which is its greatest success. She stressed that the issue of constitutional change is a broader societal question that must involve experts, the responsibility of the academic community, and must be moved away from the exclusive decision-making of politicians, as most of the political community directly benefits from the current state and draws its legitimacy from the way Bosnia and Herzegovina is currently organized.